Who Was Involved

The Spanish Flu:

Who Was Involved?


The Red Cross:

"Through its capillary network of divisions and local chapters, the organization provided more than $2 million in equipment and supplies to hospitals; established kitchens to feed influenza sufferers and houses for convalescence; transported people, bodies, and supplies; and recruited more than 18,000 nurses and volunteers to serve alongside U.S. Public Health Service (PHS) workers and local health authorities. The ARC also distributed PHS pamphlets and circulars on prevention and care of influenza, and directed its chapters to form influenza committees to work with local health authorities and regional ARC divisions."

- National Library of Medicine

Following the telegraph that U.S Surgeon General Rupert Blue sent to their headquarters, after making the outbreak official. He asked for the ARC to take charge and do what the local authorities could not. The ARC helped with providing the nurses with safe garments for the workers dealing with patients who were ill and providing the nation with $575,000 to help fund it.

"The Production Corps of the Red Cross, one of the most popular volunteer units in Red Cross history, manufactured and provided millions of surgical dressings and articles of clothing for soldiers, veterans and refugees during its years of operation, also making gauze face coverings to prevent the spread of influenza.”

​​​​​​​- The American Red Cross, May 10, 2021

The American Red Cross (ARC) was a major help during the pandemic, such as paying for nurses' salaries.

During WWI, American Red Cross workers made large quantities of warm garments and medical supplies for service members. Shown here are a group of workers making face masks during the 1918 influenza epidemic.

Policemen in Seattle wearing masks made by the Red Cross, during the influenza epidemic. December 1918.

The Creation Of The Vaccine:

Thomas Francis Jr. was an American physician, virologist, and epidemiologist who worked with his student, Jonas Salk, to create a vaccine for the Spanish flu. 
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“If one is to use public funds he must accept a responsibility to the public.” - Thomas Francis, Jr.

Jonas Salk, 1956

"With support from the US Army, the first inactivated flu vaccine was developed by Thomas Francis and Jonas Salk at the University of Michigan. The vaccine was tested for safety and efficacy on the US military, before being licensed for wider use in 1945." 

- World Health Organization

Shopkeeper expresses gratitude in April, 1955. Photo: Wikipedia

Thomas Francis Jr, Known for the development of vaccine against influenza virus A and B

Jonas Edward Salk created one of the first effective polio vaccines. As an American virologist and medical researcher who studied at the New York University School of Medicine. 

"There is hope in dreams, imagination, and in the courage of those who wish to make those dreams a reality."

- Jonas Salk

© CDC. This historic image depicts a line of people each awaiting a New Jersey Influenza vaccination. Also known as the Swine Flu, this image was captured during a 1976 immunization campaign