Communication in History

Samuel Morse and the Telegraph: Connecting the World

Amol Budhiraja | National History Day 2021

Communication in History - Application of Telegraph

Global Perspective on Telegraph Communication

Opposers: Sen. George McDuffie, James D. Reid (Postmaster General) | Notable Supporters: International Armies, Queen Elizabeth, US Congress

Telegraph: Hero in Warfare

* First used in the Crimean War (1845-1855) in Europe.

* Used for communication between different command centers.

* Used in India – Implemented by the British using mine carts to quickly and efficiently place the telegraph lines.

* Later used by the German Military (1855), and later followed by the French and the Spanish militaries.

The Trans-Atlantic Cable enabled international communication, which was very useful during international warfare where international communication between troops and nations were necessary for the negotiations and plans that took place in the conflicts. 


Here is how to say SOS in Morse Code. The commonly utilized phrase SOS was created with Morse Code, and was utilized in dire conditions such as warfare and emergencies like the Titanic Ship Crash. 

Language of the Telegraph: Morse Code

* Morse Code was used in emergency situations, most notably in the Titanic Crash of 1912. As the ship sank, the captain had sent the Morse Code signal of “CQD” (a distress signal, now changed to SOS by the International Radio Telegraphic Convention in Berlin. ), which was heard by individuals on shore, and help was sent to the ship, saving 100’s of people. Use of “SOS” became standard after the Titanic crash.

* “Soon after its introduction in Europe it became apparent that the American Morse code was inadequate for the transmission of much non-English text because it lacked letters with marks…the International Morse code was adopted in 1851…it is still used by amateur radio operators.” (Britannica)

Learn about Morse Code!

Global Influence of Telegraph

• “Up until 1877, all long-distance communication was dependent on the Telegraph.” (Bellis)

• “The electric telegraph transformed how wars were fought and won and how journalists and newspapers conducting business…pieces of new could be exchanged…instantly.”

The Telegraph was utilized by many leaders, especially when it was first released, including the United States President at the time: Theodore Roosevelt. 

Telegram-based communication utilized in warefare.

Connection to Theme

Time: Made communication instant, thus allowing progress to happen faster. 

Long-Distance Communication: Allowed people in far away areas to communicate effectively. 

Transportation: Allowed for efficient maritime communication and navigation, and secure financial transactions such as the wire transfer of money. 

Essentially, the Telegraph enabled international communication in a world where globalization and international relations were obtaining prominence and establishing itself as social norms.