Rehabilitation Act of 1973

Ramp It Up! How the ADA was Responsible for Granting Rights to Millions of Disabled Americans

Background

The Rehabilitation Act of 1973

Before the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 was a key law supporting the rights of people with disabilities. It declared that individuals with disabilities should not be denied access to beneficial programs.

While this was a step forward, the law’s overall impact was limited. Enforcement was weak due to insufficient funding and inconsistent application across states. Because each state could interpret and apply the law differently, this often led to confusion and unequal access to services. However if a specific support or program wasn’t part of a state’s official plan, people with disabilities in that state were simply left without it.

Demonstrators march on the street and are holding a sign. These demonstrators are protesting for section 504 of the rehabilitation act.

Demonstrators marching with signs that say “Sign 504 now.” Tusler, Anthony. https://disabilityrightsflorida.org.

Disability rights leaders along with a sign language translator are asked questions before they leave to continue protesting for section 504 of the rehabilitation act.

Section 504 press conference in San Francisco held before activists leave for Washington, DC. Photograph. https://www.nps.gov.​​​


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​​​​​​​A significant provision, Section 504, took effect on May 4, 1977. It prohibited programs receiving federal funds from excluding individuals with disabilities. However, despite this progress in legislation, many public spaces and transportation systems still remained physically and structurally inaccessible.

“Before Section 504, responsibility for the consequences of disability rested only on the shoulders of the person with a disability rather than being understood as a societal responsibility,” - Kitty Cone. 

Kitty Cone. Short History of the 504 Sit-in.”​​​​​​​ NowComment. Accessed May 8, 2025. https://nowcomment.com.​​​​​​​​​​​​​​

Disability rights activists at the sit-in inside the HEW building protesting for Section 504. Photograph. https://disabilityrightsflorida.org