In the Middle Ages, Christianity inspired most art, and patronage outside of the Church was not common. At the beginning of the Renaissance, wealthy families including the Medici became patrons of the arts. The Medici in particular supported the arts because they believed in the importance of culture. The best artists of the time, such as Michaelangelo and Donatello, thrived under Medici patronage. The Medici commissioned art partly for political purposes, not solely to show devotion to God.
Judith with the Head of Holofernes, Cristofano Allori
1610-1612 - Uffizi Gallery
The Birth of Venus, Botticelli
1485 - Uffizi Gallery
Cosimo de Medici as Orpheus, Agnolo Bronzino
1537-1539 - Philadelphia Museum of Art