Previous
Hawaii was illegally overthrown in 1893 and made a territory of the US in 1898. While the people of Hawai’i exercised their right to protest, they needed the provisional government to take upon the responsibility to defend the Kingdom of Hawaii’s independence.

University of Hawaii at Manoa Library. “Hawaiian flag lowering at Iolani Palace, 8/12/1898.” University of Hawaii at Manoa Library, University of Hawaii, https://libweb.hawaii.edu/digicoll/annexation/images/pic7.php. Accessed 23 January 2025.