Reform

Zimbardo recalls that, on "October 1971, the subcommittee wanted not only analysis but also recommendations for reform. In my statement in the Congressional Record, I clearly advocated congressional intervention into the prison structure to bring about improvements in the condition of inmates, as well as for correctional personnel." 
Phillip Zimbardo, The Lucifer Effect, Pg. 247.

"My second testimony before a congressional subcommittee, which focused on juvenile detention (September 1973), moved me further toward becoming a social advocate. I outlined nineteen separate recommendations for improved treatment of detained juveniles. I was pleased to learn that a new federal law was passed that was in part stimulated by my testimony. Senator Birch Bayh, who headed this investigation, helped to put into law the rule that, to prevent their being abused, juveniles in pretrial detention should not be housed with adults in federal prisons. The SPE was about abuse of juveniles in pretrial detention​​​​​​​."
 Phillip Zimbardo, The Lucifer Effect, Pg. 247.

"One powerful legal impact of the SPE for me derived from my participation in the federal court trial of Spain et al. v. Procunier et al. (1973). The "San Quentin Six" prisoners had been isolated in solitary confinement for more than three years for their alleged involvement in the murder of guards and informer prisoners during the escape attempt of George Jackson on August 21, 1971. My prepared statement and two days of trial testimony concluded with the opinion that all of these prison conditions of involuntary, prolonged, indefinite confinement under dehumanizing conditions constituted "cruel and unusual punishment" and must therefore be changed. The court arrived at a similar conclusion."
 Phillip Zimbardo, The Lucifer Effect, Pg. 247.

"In 1973, an investigation by the American Psychological Association concluded that the prison study had satisfied the profession's existing ethical standards. But in subsequent years, those guidelines were revised to prohibit human-subject simulations modeled on the SPE."
 Romesh Ratnesar, The Menace Within, Pg. 3.

The researchers who created this study recalled, "we modeled the setting on a prison, but more broadly we aimed to represent a general class of institutions— such as an office, a barracks, a school— in which one group has more power and privilege than the other. Throughout the study we watched the behavior of participants using unobtrusive cameras.   We  monitored  their  psychological  states through daily tests. We even checked their well-being by using saliva swabs to measure levels of cortisol— an indicator of stress.​​​​​​​"
Haslam and Reicher, The Psychology of Tyranny, Pg. 47-48. 

"Although our experiment followed the same basic paradigm as that of Stanford, it differed in a number of ways. Unlike Zimbardo, we did not assume any role within the prison, so we could study the group dynamics without directly managing those interactions…Most significantly, we varied the permeability of group boundaries by initially allowing, but then eliminating, opportunities for promotion from prisoner to guard."
 Haslam and Reicher, The Psychology of Tyranny, Pg. 48.

"In the BBC prison study, "prisoners" developed a strong sense of shared identity, particularly after they could not earn promotion to "guards." As a result, they became less depressed and began to challenge the guards. In contrast, the guards did not develop a sense of shared identity and became weaker as a group. "
Haslam and Reicher, The Psychology of Tyranny, Pg. 48. 

"After six days, the prisoners collaborated to challenge the fragmented guards, leading to an organized breakout and the collapse of the prisoner guard structure. Then, on the ruins of the old system, both prisoners and guards spontaneously established a more equal system—in their words, "a self-governing, self-disciplining commune.” Once again, though, some members were bothered by the idea of using power. They did not discipline individuals who neglected to perform assigned tasks and broke the commune’s rules."
Haslam and Reicher, The Psychology of Tyranny, Pg. 48-49.

"At this point, we got a second surprise. Supporters lost faith in their ability to make the commune work, leaving its members in disarray. In response, a number of former prisoners and former guards proposed a coup in which they would become the new guards. They asked for black berets and black sunglasses as symbols of a new authoritarian management that they wanted to impose. They talked of re-creating the guard-prisoner divide but this time ensuring that the prisoners "toed the line" —using force if necessary."
Haslam and Reicher, The Psychology of Tyranny, Pg. 49.

"In any event, the coup never occurred. For ethical reasons, we could not risk the type of force witnessed in the Stanford study, and so we brought the study to a premature close on the eighth day. But whereas the outcome resembled that of Stanford, the path our participants took to reach that point was very different." 
Haslam and Reicher, The Psychology of Tyranny, Pg. 48.