Bibliography

Fedorovich, Ryleev Kondraty. Process of the Decembrists. Presidential Library, издание И. А. Малинина, www.prlib.ru/en/node/361265.

This source is The Process of the Decembrists, a primary source found on the Presidential Library of Russia. The Presidential Library of Russia provides many original scans of texts that date back hundreds of years. The source provided the reaction of the Russian Autocracy after the revolt took place. This source provided our group with lots of quotes that directly represented the Tsar and governments actions towards the Decembrists.

"The Fundamental Laws." The Russian Legitimist, www.russianlegitimist.org/the-fundamental-laws.

This source is a primary source found on Russian Legitimist, a website that provides accurate information along with primary resources on Russian History, involving the Autocracy and more such as an edited 1906 version of the original Fundamental Laws from 1832. This source provided our group with several quotes that elaborated on the Reaction of the Russian autocracy.

Fyodorov, Vladimir, and Synthia Carlile. The First Breath of Freedom. Internet Archive, Progress Publishers, archive.org/details/the-first-breath-of-freedom-progress-1988/page/n3/mode/2up.

This source is the book The First Breath of Freedom by Vladimir Fyodorov found on the Internet Archive. The Internet Archive provides digital scans of books as well as other digital copies of works. This source gave our group many valuable primary quotes that were used to resemble the Decembrists ideas as well as the ideas of the Tsar.

G. mazour, Anatole. The First Russian Revolution (1825). Internet Archive, archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.183776. Accessed 31 Jan. 2026.

This primary source is a book written by Anatole G. mazour found on the Internet Archive. The Internet Archive provides digital scans of original documents. The source provides description of the event as well as including many primary resources that can be used for research. The source proved our group with many primary quotes that we included to resemble different perspectives.

Iakushkina, Anastasiia. "Ego-writing in French." The Diary of Anastasiia Iakushkina, data.bris.ac.uk/datasets/3nmuogz0xzmpx21l2u1m5f3bjp/Iakushkina%20introduction.pdf. Accessed 11 Dec. 2025.

This source is the overview of the journal of the a wife of a Decembrist Anastasiia Iakushkina. Throughout her journal she expresses her ideas of the Autocracy and explains her husbands point of views. The source did not provide quotes but overall gave us a better understanding on the perspectives of the Decembrists and their families.

Lenin, Vladimir. "From the History of the Workers' Press in Russia." Apr. 1914. Marxists Internet Archive, www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/cw/index.htm#volume20. Accessed 1 Feb. 2026.

This is a document written by Vladimir Lenin, which explains his motives and how his revolution is connected to the Decembrist Revolt. This is a reliable source as it comes from the leader of the revolution himself, Lenin. It's intended for the Russian people, and it helped us understand how the Decembrist Revolt influenced Russian revolutions down the line.

---. "Persecutors of the Zemstvo and the Hannibals of Liberalism." 1901. WikiSource, Wikipedia, ru.wikisource.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B0_%28%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%29 Accessed 1 Feb. 2026.

This is an important work by Vladimir Lenin where he analyzes the history of Russian politics and presents his opinions on the matter to the Russian people. Being from an important Russian revolutionary, it is certainly reliable. This source helped us connect more contemporary Russian social movements with the Decembrist Revolt.

Nicholas I. "Manifesto on the Ascension to the Throne of Emperor Nicholas I, 12 December 1825." 12 Dec. 1825. Russian Imperial House, imperialhouse.ru/en/dynastyhistory/dinzak3/1100.html Accessed 11 Dec. 2025.

This is a primary source that includes Tsar Nicholas I's Manifesto to the throne found on the Russian Imperial House website. The Russian Imperial House focuses on providing valuable primary information on the Romanov family. The source provided us with many valuable primary quotes to represent the thoughts of Nicholas I.

"Peter the Great." Bloomsbury, media.bloomsbury.com/rep/files/primary-source-111-peter-the-great.pdf. Accessed 3 Feb. 2026.

This source is a textbook page that includes primary accounts of Peter the Great's visit to England. The publisher of the source is Bloomsbury, a well renowned published in London. The source provided us with several stong quotes that shed light on the visit of Peter the Great and his goals.

Petrovich, Sergey Trubetskoy. Notes of Prince S. P. Trubetskoy. Presidential Library, тип. "Сириус," www.prlib.ru/en/node/411963.

This primary source contains the Notes of Prince S. P. Trubetskoy a leader of the Decembrists and secret societies found on the Russian Presidential Library, an online library that provides original digital scans of texts for the public. The source covers Trubetskoy's thoughts as well as actions before and during the time of the revolt. This source gave our group lots of valuable primary quotes most of all to prove the revolt revolutionary.

Radishchev, Alexander. 'Journey from St Petersburg to Moscow'. Historyworkshop.org, History Workshop, 1790, www.historyworkshop.org.uk/ideas/radical-books-alexander-radishchev-journey-from-st-petersburg-to-moscow-1790/. Accessed 11 Dec. 2025.

This source is a book by Alexander Radishev, a Russian author and social critic. The source can be found on Historyworkshop.org and provides lots of information on the ideas of the people during the Revolt. The source gave our group several quotes that were used in our project outline.

Report of the Investigative Commission [for Research on Malevolent Societies to His Imperial Majesty]. Presidential Library, www.prlib.ru/en/node/331579. Accessed 26 Jan. 2026.

This source is a primary source containing The Report of the Investigative Commission, a document that represents the reaction of the autocracy after the revolt. The source can be found on the Russian Presidential Library, the library contains digital scans of original Russian documents dating back hundreds of years. The source provided our group with many valuable primary quotes that we were able to implement into our project.

Trubetskoy, Sergei. "Manifesto to the Russian People." Smart Power Journal, smartpowerjournal.ru/decembrist200/ Accessed 3 Feb. 2026.

This is a primary source written by Sergei Trubetskoy himself. It details the Northern Society of Decembrists' goals going into the revolt and helps us to understand that. This source is undoubtedly good for use and provides a unique perspective on the Decembrists from a man who was one of their leaders.

Valeriia Klinchaeva, Valeriia. "The Decembrist Revolt Beginning of the Revolutionary Movement in Russia." ArcGis StoryMaps, 22 May 2024, storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/70cb63c6bb304763807b29691eb28b88.

This primary source is an article titled The Decembrist Revolt, Beginning of the revolutionary movement in Russia written by Valeriia Klinchaeva. The web page contains the letters from some of the most prominent figures of the revolt. The source gave our group lots of valuable quotes and information written directly by the Decembrist leaders themselves.

Bartlett, Roger. Review of The Decembrist Pavel Pestel: Russia's First Republican by Patricks>O'Meara. Slavonic and East European Review, vol. 83 no. 3, 2005. Project MUSE, https://dx.doi.org/10.1353/see.2005.0018.

This source is a secondary source that focuses on one of the most prominent figures involved in the revolt, Pavel Pestel. The overview, published by Project Muse, a non-profit online database, is meant for students and ordinary people looking for more information on Pavel Pestel. The source provides a page from a scholarly book that elaborates on Pavel Pestel that Our group benefitted from as it provided lots of valuable information about the Decembrist Pavel Pestel and his ideas.

Baumann, Robert F. "The Decembrist Revolt and its Aftermath." The Simons Center, 2019, thesimonscenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/IAJ-10-3-2019-pg21-32.pdf.

This document is an article published by the Simons Center that provides secondary information to people looking to find out more about the Decembrist Revolt and its aftermath. The Simons Center is a research institute founded by the SImons foundation. The source provided us with great information that allowed us to further understand the aftermath of our topic.

Birkett, Kupava E. The Decembrist in Siberia 1826—1856. University of Glasgow, May 1988, theses.gla.ac.uk/77681/1/10997953.pdf.

This source is a book written by Kupava E. Birkett, a professor at the University of Glasgow. The University of Glasgow is a prestigious public research university in Scotland. Our group benefitted from the source as it gave valuable information about the exile of the Decembrist as well as giving us a better understanding of other events that happened down the line after the Decembrist Revolt.

"The Decembrist Revolt." Lumen Learning, courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-hccc-worldhistory2/chapter/the-decembrist-revolt/. Accessed 17 Nov. 2025.

This source is a secondary source from Lumen Learning, an educational company that provides digital and open educational education resources to replace textbooks. The company focuses on providing valuable information to students looking into research. The source provided a large detailed overview of the Decembrist Revolt. Our group benefitted from this source as it gave lots of great secondary quotes that dig deeper into ideas.

"Imperial Russia - Government and people." BBC.com, BBC, www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z6rjy9q/revision/1. Accessed 9 Dec. 2025.

This source is a secondary source published by BBC, a British public broadcasting company. The company strives to provide an accurate overview of topics allowing people to build easy understandings. Our group benefitted from this source because it gave lots of valuable information on the reform aspect of our project.

"'In labors for you, without measure, above strength': children of Decembrist Vladimir Raevsky in Krasnoyarsk." Krasnoyarsk Regional Museum, 30 Nov. 2023, www.kkkm.ru/o-muzee/stati-i-publikacii/rubrika-byloe/v-trudah-dlya-vas-bez-mery-vyshe-sil-deti-dekabrista-vladimira-raevskogo-v-krasnoyarske.

This secondary source is an article provided by Krasnoyarsk Regional Museum. The Russia based museum attempts to provide information about Russian history from a research point of view along with providing images and quotes. Our group benefitted from this source as it gave valuable images and secondary quotes.

Kagan, Frederick W. "Nicholas I." Gale in Context: World History, edited by John Merriman and Jay Winter, Gale, link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX3446900586/WHIC?u=mlin_m_needhamhs&sid=bookmark-WHIC&xid=73d4deb6. Accessed 17 Nov. 2025.

This secondary source written by Frederick W Kagan, an American Resident Scholar and past professor at U.S. Military Academy at West Point provided by Gale in Context focuses on a descriptive and analitical review of Tsar Nicholas I. The source contains lots of the key focuses when looking into Nicholas I as a ruler. Our group was able to use this source to pull several key quotes to support our arguments about the views of Nicholas I.

Levin, Kirik Nikitich. "St. Petersburg: The Bell." St. Petersburg: The Bell, Колокол, 1906, pp. 1-74.

This is a secondary source written by Kirik Nikitich, a famous Russian author who focused much of his work on the Decembrists. This particular book is very historically faithful and helped us understand how the secret societies worked during the Decembrist Revolt.

McGrew, Roderick E., and Taylor Stults. "Decembrist Revolt." EBSCO Research Starters, 2023, https://www.ebsco.com/research-starters/history/decembrist-revolt. Accessed 17 Nov. 2025.

This source is a secondary source from EBSCO, a leading provider of databases and full text articles. The source gave a long detailed overview of the Revolt and its causes and effects. This source was very useful to our group as it provided several secondary quotes.

"Peter the Great's Reforms." Students Friend, www.studentsfriend.com/aids/ewExternalFiles/Peter%20the%20Greats%20Reforms%20PS.pdf

This source is a secondary source found in a textbook from Students Friend, a company that aims to create easily navigable forms of research for students. The source includes a lot of information about Peter the Great and his efforts to modernize Russia. The source gave us valuable secondary quotes that could be used to connect the backfiring of his plans to the revolt.

Rabow-Edling, Susanna. "The First Russian Revolution: The Decembrist Revolt of 1825." Russian History Museum, 13 Dec. [2023], Zoom lecture. Russian History Museum, https://www.russianhistorymuseum.org/event/decembrist-revolt/.

This is a secondary source written by Dr. Susanna Rabow-Eding. The source can be found in the Russian History Museum, a museum that promotes the understanding and appreciation of the rich history and culture of Russia. The source provided our group with some basic information to know about the revolt and provided small quotes.

Raeff, Marc. The Decembrist Movement. E-book ed., Englewood Cliffs, N.J., Prentice-Hall, 1966.

This source is a book written by Marc Raeff, a renowned Russian historian titled The Decembrist Movement. The book provides lots of knowledge on the key ideals of the revolt and elaborates on some perspectives. The book contributed to the understanding of our topic on a deeper level.

Rajecky, Marcel. "The Decembrist Revolt at 200." Workers Power, 13 Dec. 2025, workerspower.uk/the-decembrist-revolt-at-200/. Accessed 1 Feb. 2026.

This source is a secondary source titled The Decembrist Revolt at 200, published by Workers Power. Workers Power is an organization that aims to create a more communist view of Russia, the organization focuses on providing historical information to represent the ideas. The source gave our group a much better understanding on Decembrist views of the revolt.

Schauss, Mark. "Decembrist Revolt." Russian Rulers History, 26 Dec. 2012, russianrulershistory.com/decembrist-revolt/#comments.

This source is a secondary source titled Decembrist Revolt written by Mark Schauss, the host of the popular history podcast, Russian Rulers. In his works he gives a small description of the motivation of the Decembrists to start the uprising. The source provided our group with a better understanding of the topic as well as the events leading up to it.

Schneid, Frederick C. "French Revolutionary Wars and Napoleonic Wars." Europe 1789-1914: Encyclopedia of the Age of Industry and Empire, edited by John Merriman and Jay Winter, vol. 2, Charles Scribner's Sons, 2006, pp. 899-903. Gale in Context: World History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX3446900326/WHIC?u=mlin_m_needhamhs&sid=bookmark-WHIC&xid=8cc694a2. Accessed 11 Jan. 2026.

This source is a secondary source titled French Revolutionary Wars and Napoleonic Wars written by Frederick C. Schneid, a doctor who teaches European history and specializes in the Napoleonic Wars. The source can be found on Gale in Context, a database for online research and covers lots of information about the Napoleonic Wars and how they connect to the Decembrist Revolt. The source gave us lots of information on the Napoleonic Wars and how they influenced the secret societies later on.

Shakibi, Zhand P. "Autocracy." Encyclopedia of Russian History, edited by James R. Millar, vol. 1, Macmillan Reference USA, 2004, pp. 101-02. Gale in Context: World History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX3404100098/WHIC?u=mlin_m_needhamhs&sid=bookmark-WHIC&xid=64c033f3. Accessed 22 Jan. 2026.

This source is a secondary source titled Autocracy written by Zhand P. Shakibi, an academic who specializes in modern Iranian and Russian history and politics. The source can be found on Gale in Context, a database built for online research. The source provided our group with an understanding autocracy and what it means for a state to be autocratic such as Russia in the 19th century.

Wortman, Richard. Russian Monarchy Representation and Rule Richard Wortman. Academic Studies Press, 2016.

This is a book by Richard Wortman that outlines the history of Russia's monarchy. Wortman is a specialist on imperial Russia, and we used his work for a quote about that topic.

Zemskova, Elena. "Decembrist Movement and Rebellion." Gale in Context: World History, edited by James R. Millar, Gale, link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX3404100340/WHIC?u=mlin_m_needhamhs&sid=bookmark-WHIC&xid=335ba9c2. Accessed 17 Nov. 2025.

This source is a secondary source titled Decembrist Movement and Rebellion written by Elena Zemskova, an academic researcher in literature and translation. The source can be found on Gale in Context, a database for online research. The source gave us a basic understanding of the topic from a scholarly point of view.

---. "Decembrist Movement and Rebellion." Encyclopedia of Russian History, edited by James R. Millar, vol. 1, Macmillan Reference USA, 2004, pp. 367-68. Gale in Context: World History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX3404100340/WHIC?u=mlin_m_needhamhs&sid=bookmark-WHIC&xid=335ba9c2. Accessed 17 Nov. 2025.

Bestuzhev, Nikolai Alexandrovich. Portrait of Decembrist Ivan Gorbachevsky. Meisterdrucke, www.meisterdrucke.us/fine-art-prints/Nikolai-Alexandrovich-Bestuzhev/766331/Portrait-of-Decembrist-Ivan-Horbachevsky.html. Accessed 31 Jan. 2026.

Included is a portrait of the Decembrist Ivan Gorbachevsky, a Decembrist in exile by Nikolai Alexandrovich Bestuzhev.

Kruger, F. "Tsar Nicolas I." Internet Encyclopedia of Ukraine, 1993, www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CN%5CI%5CNicholasI.hm. Accessed 1 Feb. 2026.

This source contains a portrait Tsar Nicholas I, the image was taken from the website Internet Encyclopedia of Ukraine, a well renowned encyclopedia database based in Ukraine.

Levenkov, Semen. Execution of Decembrists. Gateway to Russia, 25 Jan. 2025, www.gw2ru.com/history/86826-all-about-russian-decemberists-revolt. Accessed 26 Jan. 2026.

This source contains a portrait titled Execution of the Decembrists, by Semen Levenkov, a soviet artist from the 1900s.

Napoleon, Tsar Alexander I of Russia, and King Frederick William III and Queen Louise of Prussia in Tilsit. The Treaties of Tilsit, signed in 1807, marked the height of Napoleonic France's military fortunes in Europe. The treaties extracted significant concessions from Prussia and Russia in addition to forcing those states to help Napoleon against their erstwhile ally Britain. Origins: Current Events in Historical Perspective, Ohio State University, 2020, origins.osu.edu/review/global-reach-napoleonic-wars. Accessed 1 Feb. 2026.

This source contains a portrait that includes many key figures relating to the Napoleonic wars, the portrait is found on Origins, a website published by Ohio State University.

Pertseva. Portrait of Trubetskoy Sergey Petrovich. Biliotsk Sivirsky Regional History, bsk.nios.ru/enciklodediya/trubeckoy-sergey-petrovich. Accessed 1 Feb. 2026.

This source contains a portrait of Decembrist Sergey Trubetskoy Petrovich, a leader of the Decembrists and secret societies, the Biliotsk Sivirsky Regional History website aims to provide basic information about Russian history as well as providing images.

Peter I. Britannica, Encyclopedia Britannica, www.britannica.com/biography/Peter-the-Great/The-central-government#/media/1/453644/92285. Accessed 3 Feb. 2026.

This source includes an illustration of Peter the Great titled Peter I, the illustration can be found on Britannica, a renowned research encyclopedia.

Portrait of Bishop Burnett. Our Civilization, www.ourcivilisation.com/smartboard/shop/burnetg/about.htm. Accessed 3 Feb. 2026.

This portrait of Bishop Burnet can be found on Our Civilization, a website dedicated to analyzing the rise and fall of civilizations.

Portrait of Decembrist Revolt. Institute of Modern Russia, 6 Jan. 2014, imrussia.org/en/society/635-the-decembrists-and-russian-nationalism. Accessed 1 Feb. 2026.

This source contains a portrait of the Decembrist Revolt found on the Institute of Modern Russia, the institute is a non-profit that aims to educate the general public through original research, detailed analysis, and informed policy discussions.

Portrait of Tsar Nicholas I. TMORA the Museum of Russian Art, tmora.org/online-exhibitions/dinner-with-the-tsars-russian-imperial-porcelain/nicholas-i-1825-1855/. Accessed 23 Jan. 2026.

This source contains a portrait of Tsar Nicholas I from The Museum of Russian Art, the Museum collects, preserves, exhibits, and illuminates the rich artistic tapestry of Russia, past and present, through outstanding exhibitions and public programs for all audiences.

Portrait of Vladimir Raevsky. Krasnoyarsk Regional Museum of Local Lore, 30 Nov. 2023, www.kkkm.ru/o-muzee/stati-i-publikacii/rubrika-byloe/v-trudah-dlya-vas-bez-mery-vyshe-sil-deti-dekabrista-vladimira-raevskogo-v-krasnoyarske. Accessed 1 Feb. 2026.

This source contains a Portrait of Vladimir Raevsky, a prominent figure in the secret societies, the portrait can be found in Krasnoyarsk Regional Museum of Local Lore, a museum that focuses on providing Russian historical information to the public.

Vasily, Timm. The Decembrist Revolt at Senate Square. Art.com, www.art.com/products/p55971518820-sa-i9391944/vasily-timm-the-decembrist-revolt-at-the-senate-square-on-december-14-1825.htm?srsltid=AfmBOopaNQ3zWyJipfWhU9gYRh7oKuKhF-42bAU9dxomW7ki3NC71F_C. Accessed 1 Feb. 2026.

This source contains a portrait titled The Decembrist Revolt at Senate Square made by Timm Vasily, a Russian painter and graphic artist from the time of the revolt.

"Vladimir Lenin." The American's Wiki, Fandom, theamericans.fandom.com/wiki/Vladimir_Lenin. Accessed 1 Feb. 2026.

This source contains a portrait of Vladimir Lenin, a prominent figure in Russian history after the revolt.

A worn postcard of a 19th century Russian painting depicting a political prisoner in the Peter and Paul Fortress. Executed Today, 25 July 2009, www.executedtoday.com/2009/07/25/1826-the-decembrists/. Accessed 27 Jan. 2026.

This source is an illustration titled A worn postcard of a 19th century Russian painting depicting a political prisoner in the Peter and Paul Fortress, the illustration can be found on the website Executed Today, a website that each day the story of a historical execution is posted that took place on the date, and the story behind it.